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The Arctic just experienced its hottest year on record, a milestone that scientists have said is already changing weather systems far beyond the region.
Surface air temperatures across the Arctic between October 2024 and September 2025 were the highest since at least 1900, according to the Arctic Report Card, released this week by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It shows the region is now warming at more than twice the global average, with its 10 warmest years all coming in the past decade.
The warning came after a recent Copernicus report said this year was set to be the second or third warmest on record, potentially surpassed only by the record-breaking heat of 2024.
The earth is on track to complete the first three-year period when the average global temperature exceeded 1.5C above the 1850-1900 pre-industrial period when people started burning fossil fuels on an industrial scale.
"The Arctic is warming several times faster than Earth as a whole, reshaping the northern landscapes, ecosystems, and livelihoods of Arctic peoples," the latest report says. "Also transforming are the roles the Arctic plays in the global climate, economic, and societal systems."
In August, parts of the Arctic Ocean's Atlantic sector recorded sea surface temperatures around 7C above the 1991–2020 average, an extreme anomaly that researchers linked to the growing influence of warmer Atlantic waters pushing northwards – a process known as "Atlantification".
The latest findings come as researchers document accelerating ice loss, record precipitation, warming oceans and widespread disruption to Arctic ecosystems – changes they warn are no longer confined to the far north.
You can read more on this here.
This newsletter will be taking a short break over Christmas and will be back in your inbox on 2 January. Until then, we wish you a very Merry Christmas and a restful holiday season
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